ABSTRACT
Accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, anthropomorphic service robots are continuously penetrating various domains of our daily lives. With this development, the urge for an interdisciplinary approach to responsibly design human-robot interaction (HRI), with particular attention to human dignity, privacy, compliance, and transparency, increases. This paper contributes to design science, in developing a new artifact, i.e., an interdisciplinary framework for designing responsible HRI with anthropomorphic service robots, which covers the three design science research cycles. Furthermore, we propose a multi-method approach by applying this interdisciplinary framework. Thereby, our finding offer implications for designing HRI in a responsible manner. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Advances in cancer treatment with resultant dramatic improvements in long-term survival have led to increasing awareness of the wide range of medical and social issues faced by survivors of malignancy. The potential deleterious effects on fertility are a significant worry of women and trans gender men, and the rising trend in delaying childbearing and the higher proportion of patients who have not completed their family at the time of diagnosis increases the demand for an optimised fertility-preservation service. Fertility preservation for this group following a diagnosis of cancer is a rapidly expanding area of reproductive medicine, although provision for such treatment often varies by region. In the past, there were few treatment options, but with dramatic improvements in oocyte cryopreservation and, more recently, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, this area of fertility care has broadened substantially. This review will be exploring areas that apply to all cisgender women, but not necessarily all trans men and non-binary individuals. There are specific considerations in fertility preservation for trans people, which are beyond the scope of this paper. All individuals with female reproductive organs should be offered the opportunity to discuss fertility preservation prior to starting potential gonadotoxic treatment. Failure to do this may negatively influence their anticancer treatment choices and adherence to treatment regimens. There are currently few networks streamlined around offering this service and as demand for these treatment options increases, it is recognised that these complex patients require specialist management within recognised care pathways. Here we are looking to describe some of the unique challenges associated with providing a state-of-the-art service, particularly in a financially unpredictable climate in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Fertility Preservation , Neoplasms , Cryopreservation , Female , Humans , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/therapy , PandemicsABSTRACT
RESEARCH QUESTION: Is there vertical transmission (from mother to baby antenatally or intrapartum) after SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infected pregnancy? STUDY DESIGN: A systematic search related to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), pregnancy, neonatal complications, viral and vertical transmission. The duration was from December 2019 to May 2020. RESULTS: A total of 84 studies with 862 COVID positive women were included. Two studies had ongoing pregnancies while 82 studies included 705 babies, 1 miscarriage and 1 medical termination of pregnancy (MTOP). Most publications (50/84, 59.5%), reported small numbers (<5) of positive babies. From 75 studies, 18 babies were COVID-19 positive. The first reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic test was done in 449 babies and 2 losses, 2nd RT-PCR was done in 82 babies, IgM tests were done in 28 babies, and IgG tests were done in 28 babies. On the first RT-PCR, 47 studies reported time of testing while 28 studies did not. Positive results in the first RT-PCR were seen in 14 babies. Earliest tested at birth and the average time of the result was 22 hours. Three babies with negative first RT-PCR became positive on the second RT-PCR at day 6, day 7 and at 24 hours which continued to be positive at 1 week.Four studies with a total of 4 placental swabs were positive demonstrating SARS-CoV-2 localised in the placenta. In 2 studies, 10 tests for amniotic fluid were positive for SARS-CoV-2. These 2 babies were found to be positive on RT-PCR on serial testing. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic testing combined with incubation period and placental pathology indicate a strong likelihood that intrapartum vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) from mother to baby is possible.